// Rocket League HUD // Format match time as M:SS function formatMatchTime(seconds) { const mins = Math.floor(seconds / 60); const secs = Math.floor(seconds % 60); return `${mins}:${secs.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`; } export default function(player, world) { // Get game state from manager const managers = world.query({ tags: ['game-manager'] }); const gameState = managers.length > 0 ? managers[0].state : {}; // Check if player is in menu (per-player) const inMenu = player.state?.inMenu ?? true; // If in menu, show main menu screen if (inMenu) { return renderMainMenu(gameState); } // Check if player should see intermission (per-player flag) const showIntermission = player.state?.showIntermission ?? false; if (showIntermission && gameState.matchSnapshot) { return renderIntermission(gameState, player.state?.team); } // Check if in countdown phase if (gameState.gameState === 'countdown' && gameState.startCountdown > 0) { return renderCountdown(gameState.startCountdown, gameState, player); } // Check if in goal celebration phase if (gameState.gameState === 'goal' && gameState.goalCelebration) { return renderGoalCelebration(gameState, player); } // Check if showing leaderboard (hold F) const showLeaderboard = player.state?.showLeaderboard ?? false; // Check if docs panel is open const showDocs = player.state?.showDocs ?? false; const docsTab = player.state?.docsTab ?? 'physics'; // If docs open, show documentation panel if (showDocs) { return renderDocsPanel(docsTab); } const blueScore = gameState.blueScore ?? 0; const orangeScore = gameState.orangeScore ?? 0; // Get player boost const boost = Math.floor(player.state?.boost ?? 100); // Leaderboard overlay (rendered on top of HUD when holding F) const leaderboardOverlay = showLeaderboard ? renderLeaderboard(gameState, world) : ''; return ` ${leaderboardOverlay}

${blueScore}

BLUE

${((gameState.blueTeam?.length > 0) && (gameState.orangeTeam?.length > 0)) ? formatMatchTime(gameState.matchTimer ?? 240) : 'Waiting...'}

ORANGE

${orangeScore}

${generateBoostRing(boost)}

${boost}

BOOST

WASD - Drive | SPACE - Jump | SHIFT - Boost | Y - Ball Cam

`; } function renderChatMessages(world) { const managers = world.query({ tags: ['game-manager'] }); const gameState = managers.length > 0 ? managers[0].state : {}; const messages = gameState.chatMessages ?? []; if (messages.length === 0) { return '

No messages yet...

'; } // Show last 10 messages, newest at bottom return messages.slice(-10).map(msg => `

${escapeHtml(msg.name)}: ${escapeHtml(msg.text)}

`).join(''); } function escapeHtml(text) { return text .replace(/&/g, '&') .replace(//g, '>') .replace(/"/g, '"'); } // Epic Countdown Screen - Flashy pre-match countdown function renderCountdown(countdown, gameState, player) { const seconds = Math.ceil(countdown); const fraction = countdown % 1; // Color shifts as countdown progresses const isUrgent = seconds <= 3; const glowColor = isUrgent ? 'rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.9)' : 'rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.8)'; const textColor = isUrgent ? '#fbbf24' : '#ffffff'; const ringColor = isUrgent ? '#f97316' : '#3b82f6'; // Scale animation based on fraction (pulses each second) const pulseScale = 1 + (1 - fraction) * 0.15; return `

${seconds}

${seconds <= 3 ? (seconds === 1 ? 'GO!' : 'GET READY!') : 'MATCH STARTING'}

BLUE

${(gameState.blueTeam ?? []).length}

ORANGE

${(gameState.orangeTeam ?? []).length}

`; } // Goal Celebration Screen - EPIC goal scored overlay function renderGoalCelebration(gameState, player) { const celebration = gameState.goalCelebration; const isBlue = celebration.scorerTeam === 'blue'; const countdown = Math.ceil(gameState.goalCountdown ?? 0); // Team colors const primaryColor = isBlue ? '#3b82f6' : '#f97316'; const secondaryColor = isBlue ? '#60a5fa' : '#fb923c'; const glowColor = isBlue ? 'rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.8)' : 'rgba(249, 115, 22, 0.8)'; const bgGradient = isBlue ? 'linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(30, 60, 150, 0.95) 0%, rgba(20, 40, 100, 0.9) 100%)' : 'linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(180, 80, 20, 0.95) 0%, rgba(140, 50, 10, 0.9) 100%)'; return `

${[...Array(12)].map((_, i) => `

`).join('')}

GOAL!

${isBlue ? 'BLUE TEAM' : 'ORANGE TEAM'}

⚽ ${escapeHtml(celebration.scorerName)} ⚽

BLUE

${gameState.blueScore ?? 0}

ORANGE

${gameState.orangeScore ?? 0}

Resuming in ${countdown}...

`; } // Main Menu Screen // Leaderboard - Premium Esports Style function renderLeaderboard(gameState, world) { const blueScore = gameState.blueScore ?? 0; const orangeScore = gameState.orangeScore ?? 0; const blueTeam = gameState.blueTeam ?? []; const orangeTeam = gameState.orangeTeam ?? []; const playerNames = gameState.playerNames ?? {}; // Get player stats (for now, mock data - we'll track real stats later) const getPlayerStats = (playerId) => { const playerStats = gameState.playerStats ?? {}; return playerStats[playerId] ?? { score: 0, goals: 0, assists: 0, saves: 0, shots: 0 }; }; // Get player name from stored names const getPlayerName = (playerId) => { return playerNames[playerId] ?? 'Player'; }; // Render a player row const renderPlayerRow = (playerId, teamColor, isFirst) => { const stats = getPlayerStats(playerId); const name = getPlayerName(playerId); const rowBg = teamColor === 'blue' ? 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(30, 80, 180, 0.7) 0%, rgba(20, 50, 120, 0.5) 100%)' : 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(200, 100, 20, 0.7) 0%, rgba(160, 70, 10, 0.5) 100%)'; const accentColor = teamColor === 'blue' ? '#60a5fa' : '#fb923c'; return `

👤

${escapeHtml(name)}

${stats.score}

${stats.goals}

${stats.assists}

${stats.saves}

${stats.shots}

`; }; // Render team section const renderTeamSection = (teamName, teamScore, teamPlayers, teamColor) => { const headerBg = teamColor === 'blue' ? 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(30, 100, 200, 0.9) 0%, rgba(20, 60, 140, 0.7) 100%)' : 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(220, 120, 30, 0.9) 0%, rgba(180, 80, 20, 0.7) 100%)'; const scoreColor = teamColor === 'blue' ? '#60a5fa' : '#fb923c'; // Sort players by score (highest first) const sortedPlayers = [...teamPlayers].sort((a, b) => { const statsA = getPlayerStats(a); const statsB = getPlayerStats(b); return statsB.score - statsA.score; }); const playerRows = sortedPlayers.length > 0 ? sortedPlayers.map((id, i) => renderPlayerRow(id, teamColor, i === 0)).join('') : `

No players

`; return `

${teamScore}

${teamName}

SCORE

GOALS

ASSISTS

SAVES

SHOTS

${playerRows}

`; }; return `

${renderTeamSection('BLUE', blueScore, blueTeam, 'blue')} ${renderTeamSection('ORANGE', orangeScore, orangeTeam, 'orange')}

RELEASE F TO CLOSE

`; } // Main Menu Screen function renderMainMenu(gameState) { // Get team counts for display const blueCount = gameState.blueTeam?.length ?? 0; const orangeCount = gameState.orangeTeam?.length ?? 0; // Check if a match is already in progress const matchInProgress = gameState.gameState === 'playing' || gameState.gameState === 'goal'; const buttonText = matchInProgress ? 'JOIN MATCH' : 'START'; return `

ROCKET LEAGUE

SPAWN EDITION

BLUE

${blueCount}

ORANGE

${orangeCount}

You will be auto-assigned to balance teams

`; } // Intermission Screen - shows after match ends with full AAA polish function renderIntermission(gameState, playerTeam) { // Read from snapshot instead of live data const snapshot = gameState.matchSnapshot ?? {}; const blueScore = snapshot.blueScore ?? 0; const orangeScore = snapshot.orangeScore ?? 0; const mvp = snapshot.mvp; const result = snapshot.result ?? 'draw'; const countdown = Math.ceil(gameState.countdown ?? 0); const playerNames = snapshot.playerNames ?? {}; const playerStats = snapshot.playerStats ?? {}; const blueTeam = snapshot.blueTeam ?? []; const orangeTeam = snapshot.orangeTeam ?? []; // Determine result text and colors let resultText = 'DRAW'; let resultGlow = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5)'; let winnerBanner = 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(100, 100, 100, 0.8) 0%, rgba(60, 60, 60, 0.6) 100%)'; if (result === 'blue') { resultText = 'BLUE TEAM WINS'; resultGlow = 'rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.8)'; winnerBanner = 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(30, 100, 200, 0.9) 0%, rgba(20, 60, 140, 0.7) 100%)'; } else if (result === 'orange') { resultText = 'ORANGE TEAM WINS'; resultGlow = 'rgba(251, 146, 60, 0.8)'; winnerBanner = 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(220, 120, 30, 0.9) 0%, rgba(180, 80, 20, 0.7) 100%)'; } // Helper to get player stats const getStats = (playerId) => { const stats = playerStats[playerId] ?? {}; return { goals: stats.goals ?? 0, assists: stats.assists ?? 0, saves: stats.saves ?? 0, shots: stats.shots ?? 0, score: ((stats.goals ?? 0) * 100) + ((stats.assists ?? 0) * 50) + ((stats.saves ?? 0) * 75) + ((stats.shots ?? 0) * 10), }; }; // Escape HTML for safety const escapeHtml = (text) => { return String(text).replace(/&/g, '&').replace(//g, '>').replace(/"/g, '"'); }; // Render player row for scoreboard const renderPlayerRow = (playerId, teamColor, isMvp) => { const name = playerNames[playerId] ?? 'Unknown'; const stats = getStats(playerId); const accentColor = teamColor === 'blue' ? '#60a5fa' : '#fb923c'; const rowBg = isMvp ? 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(212, 175, 55, 0.15) 0%, rgba(180, 140, 30, 0.1) 100%)' : 'transparent'; const mvpBadge = isMvp ? `★ MVP` : ''; return `

●

${escapeHtml(name)} ${mvpBadge}

${stats.score}

${stats.goals}

${stats.assists}

${stats.saves}

${stats.shots}

`; }; // Render team scoreboard section const renderTeamSection = (teamName, teamScore, teamPlayers, teamColor) => { const headerBg = teamColor === 'blue' ? 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(30, 100, 200, 0.9) 0%, rgba(20, 60, 140, 0.7) 100%)' : 'linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(220, 120, 30, 0.9) 0%, rgba(180, 80, 20, 0.7) 100%)'; const scoreColor = teamColor === 'blue' ? '#60a5fa' : '#fb923c'; const borderColor = teamColor === 'blue' ? 'rgba(100, 180, 255, 0.4)' : 'rgba(255, 180, 100, 0.4)'; // Find MVP (most goals on this team) let teamMvpId = null; let maxGoals = 0; teamPlayers.forEach(id => { const stats = getStats(id); if (stats.goals > maxGoals) { maxGoals = stats.goals; teamMvpId = id; } }); // Sort by score const sortedPlayers = [...teamPlayers].sort((a, b) => getStats(b).score - getStats(a).score); const playerRows = sortedPlayers.length > 0 ? sortedPlayers.map(id => renderPlayerRow(id, teamColor, id === mvp?.playerId)).join('') : `

No players

`; return `

${teamScore}

${teamName}

SCORE

GOALS

ASSISTS

SAVES

SHOTS

${playerRows}

`; }; return `

${resultText}

${blueScore}

—

${orangeScore}

${renderTeamSection('BLUE', blueScore, blueTeam, 'blue')} ${renderTeamSection('ORANGE', orangeScore, orangeTeam, 'orange')}

${mvp ? `

★

MATCH MVP

${escapeHtml(mvp.playerName)}

${mvp.goals}

GOALS

★

` : ''}

`; } function generateBoostSegments(boost) { const totalSegments = 24; const filledSegments = Math.round((boost / 100) * totalSegments); // Octagon segment positions - manually placed around the octagon shape // Starting from bottom-left, going clockwise const segments = [ // Bottom-left edge (3 segments) { x: 36, y: 140, angle: -55 }, { x: 28, y: 126, angle: -55 }, { x: 22, y: 110, angle: -70 }, // Left edge (3 segments) { x: 20, y: 94, angle: -90 }, { x: 20, y: 78, angle: -90 }, { x: 24, y: 62, angle: -110 }, // Top-left edge (3 segments) { x: 32, y: 48, angle: -125 }, { x: 44, y: 36, angle: -125 }, { x: 58, y: 26, angle: -145 }, // Top edge (3 segments) { x: 76, y: 20, angle: -180 }, { x: 94, y: 18, angle: -180 }, { x: 112, y: 20, angle: -180 }, // Top-right edge (3 segments) { x: 128, y: 28, angle: 145 }, { x: 142, y: 40, angle: 125 }, { x: 152, y: 54, angle: 110 }, // Right edge (3 segments) { x: 158, y: 72, angle: 90 }, { x: 160, y: 90, angle: 90 }, { x: 156, y: 108, angle: 70 }, // Bottom-right edge (3 segments) { x: 148, y: 124, angle: 55 }, { x: 136, y: 138, angle: 55 }, { x: 120, y: 148, angle: 35 }, // Bottom edge (3 segments) { x: 102, y: 154, angle: 0 }, { x: 84, y: 154, angle: 0 }, { x: 66, y: 150, angle: -20 }, ]; let svgSegments = ''; for (let i = 0; i < totalSegments; i++) { const seg = segments[i]; const isFilled = i < filledSegments; if (isFilled) { svgSegments += ` `; } else { svgSegments += ` `; } } return svgSegments; } function generateBoostRing(boost) { const totalSegments = 24; const filledSegments = Math.round((boost / 100) * totalSegments); // Generate segments positioned in a circle // Container is 156x156 (200 - 22*2 inset) const centerX = 78; const centerY = 78; const radius = 62; const segmentWidth = 10; const segmentHeight = 22; // Start from bottom-left (225 degrees) and go clockwise to bottom-right // This leaves a gap at the bottom const startAngle = 225; const totalArc = 330; // Cover 330 degrees, leave 30 degree gap let segments = ''; for (let i = 0; i < totalSegments; i++) { const angle = startAngle + (i / totalSegments) * totalArc; const rad = (angle * Math.PI) / 180; const x = centerX + Math.cos(rad) * radius; const y = centerY + Math.sin(rad) * radius; const isFilled = i < filledSegments; // Segment rotation - perpendicular to radius (pointing outward) const rotationAngle = angle + 90; if (isFilled) { // Lit segment with gradient and glow segments += `

`; } else { // Unlit segment - dark blue segments += `

`; } } return segments; } function renderDocsPanel(activeTab = 'physics') { return `

🚀 Rocket League Clone Documentation

Press P to close

${activeTab === 'physics' ? renderPhysicsTab() : renderFeaturesTab()}

`; } function renderFeaturesTab() { return `

✅ Implementation Checklist

PHASE 1 - Core Match Loop ✓ COMPLETE

✓ Main menu with team counts

✓ Team auto-balance on join

✓ Team spawn positions (blue south, orange north)

✓ Team-colored car models

✓ Match countdown (10s)

✓ Round timer (4 min)

✓ Score tracking + display

PHASE 2 - Goals & Scoring ✓ COMPLETE

✓ Goal trigger detection

✓ Goal celebration overlay

✓ Scorer attribution

✓ Ball reset to center

✓ Goal sound effects

✓ Premium esports scoreboard

✓ AAA boost gauge UI

PHASE 3 - Match End ✓ COMPLETE

✓ Match timer reaches 0

✓ Winner announcement

✓ Intermission screen with stats

✓ MVP calculation + display

✓ Rematch button

✓ Quit to menu button

✓ Auto-restart countdown

PHASE 4 - Leaderboard ✓ COMPLETE

✓ Hold F for leaderboard

✓ Per-player stats (goals, assists, saves, shots)

✓ Score calculation

✓ Team-sorted player rows

✓ MVP highlight

✓ Player name display

PHASE 5 - Polish 🔄 IN PROGRESS

✓ Boost regeneration (grounded)

✓ Ceiling boundary

✓ Out-of-bounds reset

✓ Air W/S control (thrust/brake)

✓ Nose tilt disabled (flat air control)

✓ Q/E air roll working

○ Boost pads (6 big + 28 small)

○ Supersonic trails

PHASE 6 - Audio & Effects

○ Engine sounds

○ Boost sound loop

○ Jump/flip sounds

✓ Ball hit sounds (in ball.js)

○ Crowd ambience

✓ Ball cam toggle (Y key)

PHASE 7 - HUD Enhancements

○ Event alerts (SAVE! SHOT! AERIAL!)

○ Teammate nameplates

○ Ball indicator (when off-screen)

○ Quick chat system

○ Replay system (mini)

PHASE 8 - Advanced

○ Ball physics tuning

○ Wall/ceiling driving

○ Car customization

○ All-time leaderboard

○ Chaos Ball event

○ Demolitions system (needs player collision in Spawn)

○ Respawn after demo

📋 Progress Log

${renderLogEntry('v762', 'Fixed car collider missing - switched back to character physics')} ${renderLogEntry('v759', 'Added ceiling bounce + height limit to prevent escaping arena')} ${renderLogEntry('v757', 'Reordered air physics - speed cap now after boost for proper limiting')} ${renderLogEntry('v755', 'Fixed car model URLs - removed leading slash breaking CDN')} ${renderLogEntry('v746', 'Reduced pitch rate 60% until visual rotation feedback works')} ${renderLogEntry('v743', 'Added air drag + pitch rate reduction for controlled aerials')} ${renderLogEntry('v737', 'Fixed ground/air state conflict - state machine now determines physics mode')} ${renderLogEntry('v735', 'Added yaw alignment on landing - face direction of momentum')} ${renderLogEntry('v734', 'Fixed angular velocity reset - only on landing, not every ground frame')} ${renderLogEntry('v396', 'Added Features tab with Spawn adaptation guide')} ${renderLogEntry('v380', 'Intermission screen with MVP, stats, rematch/quit buttons')} ${renderLogEntry('v370', 'Full match flow: menu → countdown → playing → goal → intermission')} ${renderLogEntry('v350', 'Premium esports scoreboard + AAA boost gauge')} ${renderLogEntry('v320', 'Team system + auto-balance + colored car models')}

🌐

SPAWN PERSISTENT WORLD MODEL

Always-On Arena • Drop-In/Drop-Out • Eternal Rounds

No lobbies, no matchmaking. One shared world where players join and leave freely. Rounds cycle endlessly with brief intermissions.

🔄 How Spawn Changes Everything

❌ Traditional Rocket League

• Queue for match → wait → play → end → repeat
• Fixed teams chosen before match starts
• 5-minute matches with overtime
• 1v1, 2v2, 3v3, or 4v4 only
• Isolated matches, no persistence

✓ Our Spawn Adaptation

• Join instantly → play → leave anytime
• Auto-assigned to smallest team on join
• 4-minute rounds, no overtime (ties OK)
• Scales from 1v1 to 10v10+ dynamically
• Session stats persist, leaderboards track all-time

👥 Team System

🔵 BLUE TEAM

• Defends SOUTH goal
• Spawns near south end
• Car tinted blue

🟠 ORANGE TEAM

• Defends NORTH goal
• Spawns near north end
• Car tinted orange

AUTO-BALANCE LOGIC

On join: Assign to team with fewer players. If equal, random assignment. Manual switch allowed if imbalance > 2 players (30s cooldown).

⏱️ Round Structure

4:00

Round Duration

→

15s

Intermission

→

RESET

Scores → 0

→

∞

Next Round

No overtime. Ties are valid outcomes. Round counter tracks how many rounds have been played ("Round 47"). Session stats (your goals, assists, saves) accumulate across rounds. All-time leaderboard persists forever.

⚽ Rolling Kickoffs (Adapted)

WHY NOT TRADITIONAL KICKOFFS?

Traditional kickoffs freeze everyone and assign fixed positions. With players joining/leaving constantly and variable team sizes, this creates awkward pauses and unfair advantages. Instead, we use rolling starts.

Goal Scored

1s celebration

Ball Resets

Drops at center

Play Continues

No freeze, no countdown

⚡ Boost Pad System

🟡 BIG PADS (6 total)

• +100 boost (full refill)
• Corners + mid-field edges
• 10-second respawn
• Large glowing orbs

🟠 SMALL PADS (28 total)

• +12 boost each
• Grid pattern across field
• 5-second respawn
• Small glowing dots

Note: Currently using passive regeneration (+12/sec when grounded) as placeholder. Real boost pads coming in Phase 3.

💥 Demolition System

DEMO REQUIREMENTS (ALL must be met)

Supersonic

≥2200 uu/s (44 Spawn units)

Front Hit

Your front panel hits them

Angle Check

Within 45° of forward

On Demo: Victim explodes → 3-second respawn timer → Spawns in team zone with 33 boost. Creates temporary advantage (3v2). Both cars demo if both supersonic + front-to-front collision.

📷 Ball Cam System

🎯 BALL CAM (Toggle: Y)

• Camera locks to ball position
• Rotates around your car to keep ball visible
• Essential for aerials and tracking
• Smooth transition (not instant snap)

🚗 CAR CAM (Default)

• Fixed behind car (traditional)
• Better for dribbling, boost collection
• Less disorienting for ground play
• Shows where YOU are going

🌟 CHAOS BALL (Special Event)

✨ SAVI'S CHAOS EVENT CONCEPT

Instead of "more players = more balls" (feels mechanical), rare chaos events create memorable moments:

🥇 GOLDEN CHAOS BALL

• Random chance (~15%) after 3-minute mark
• Drops from ceiling mid-play
• Worth 2 points instead of 1
• Despawns after 45 seconds OR when scored
• Regular ball stays in play

🎲 WHY THIS WORKS

• Creates split-second decisions (chase gold or defend normal?)
• Generates "remember when..." stories
• Unpredictable keeps rounds fresh after 50+ plays
• Rare enough to be exciting, common enough veterans expect it

Future Variants: Heavy Ball (slower, 2pts) • Speed Ball (tiny, fast, chaotic) • Ghost Ball (phases through cars 50% of time)

🥅 Goal Sequence (Implemented)

⚽

Ball Enters

✓ Working

→

🎉

GOAL!

✓ Working

→

📝

Scorer Name

✓ Working

→

⏸️

Brief Pause

✓ Working

→

🔄

Ball Resets

✓ Working

🗑️ Features We're NOT Implementing

Dropped Features

• Lobby/menu screen - You're always in the arena
• Full replay system - Disrupts persistent flow
• Overtime - Ties are fine for round-based play
• Traditional kickoff freeze - Rolling starts fit better
• Series score - No series, just endless rounds
• Tournament mode - Doesn't fit persistent model

Why We Dropped Them

• Spawn is always-on, no pre-game state needed
• Replays pause action for everyone, annoying in drop-in
• Overtime delays next round for late joiners
• Can't freeze when players join mid-play
• Rounds are the atomic unit, not matches
• Would require separate instances, breaks model

`; } function renderPhysicsTab() { return `

CURRENT BUILD

Arena Scale: 459×567 • Architecture: Character Controller • Status: ✅ Working

💡

THE SECRET TO "ROCKET" FEEL

Boost-to-Gravity Ratio must be 1.63:1

Boost (1058 uu/s²) > Gravity (650 uu/s²) — You can ALWAYS fight gravity with boost. This creates controlled flight, not floatiness.

🎮 Feel Diagnostic: "Rockets with Wheels"

✅ Achieved

• Cars fight gravity with boost (1.63:1 ratio)
• Full 360° aerial rotation freedom
• Boost = primary propulsion method
• Momentum carries through actions
• Angular velocity + input-dependent damping
• Air W/S for thrust/brake control
• Q/E air roll working

🔄 Still Refining

• Wall/ceiling driving not yet implemented
• Powerslide needs more tuning
• Landing stabilization could be smoother
• Boost pads not yet placed

🧠 Core Design Principles

Weight Through Inertia, Not Slowness

Players perceive mass because cars MAINTAIN momentum. Heavy = resists change, not "moves slowly".

Roll is 3x Faster Than Yaw/Pitch

Roll: 38 rad/s² vs Yaw: 9 rad/s². Prioritizes quick reorientation and air roll shots.

Sticky Force (325 uu/s²)

Magnet-like wheel grip to surfaces. Only lasts 3 frames after jump—prevents unwanted air sticking.

Zero-Delay Feedback

ALL inputs need same-frame visual response. Any lag breaks player-to-car connection.

Deterministic = Learnable

Same inputs ALWAYS produce same results. No randomness. Players build mental models through practice.

Air Throttle Exists (66.67 uu/s²)

Small acceleration even without boost in air. Prevents complete helplessness, enables micro-adjustments.

🚀 THE ROCKET FEEL FORMULA

Rocket Feel = (Boost > Gravity) × (Aerial Freedom) × (Angular Momentum) × (Responsive Input)

1.63:1 ratio

360° no clamps

Accel curves

Input damping

✅ Gap Analysis — Resolved Items

${renderGapItem('Velocity Model', 'Decoupled from rotation. Full vector velocity with independent boost direction.', 'resolved')} ${renderGapItem('Full 360° Rotation', 'No clamps — full pitch/roll/yaw freedom in air. Enables advanced aerials and flips.', 'resolved')} ${renderGapItem('Angular Velocity System', 'Full angular velocity + acceleration curves implemented. Snappy, not mushy.', 'resolved')} ${renderGapItem('Momentum Preservation', 'Cars coast properly with input-dependent damping. No more instant stops.', 'resolved')} ${renderGapItem('Gravity Ratio Correct', 'Gravity at -13 (was -30). Boost-to-gravity ratio now matches 1.63:1 target.', 'resolved')} ${renderGapItem('Boost Direction', 'Nose-based boost direction. Works well for aerials and controlled flight.', 'resolved')}

📊 Target Values (Rocket League)

GROUND MOVEMENT

Max Speed: 2300 uu/s

Supersonic: 2200 uu/s

Boost Accel: 991.67 uu/s²

Braking: -3500 uu/s²

Coasting: -525 uu/s²

AERIAL CONTROL

Air Boost: 1058.33 uu/s²

Gravity: -650 uu/s²

Air Throttle: 66.67 uu/s²

Sticky Force: 325 uu/s²

ROTATION

Roll Accel: 38.34 rad/s²

Pitch Accel: 12.46 rad/s²

Yaw Accel: 9.11 rad/s²

Max Angular: 5.5 rad/s

DODGE TIMING

Double Jump Window: 1.5s

Flip Duration: 0.65s

Flip Cancel Window: 0.15s

Jump Velocity: 8.0

DODGE MECHANICS

Dodge Impulse: 18.0

Dodge Torque: 25.0

Flip Cancel: → 30% angular vel

Cancel Threshold: -0.3 opposite input

Velocity: ADDS (keeps 50% Y)

STATE TIMING

JUMPING phase: 0.1s (50% control)

DODGING phase: 0.05s → FLIPPING

FLIPPING gravity: 70% (stay airborne)

FLIPPING control: 30% pitch/yaw, 0% roll

RECOVERING: 0.3s gradual return

Unit conversion: 1 uu = 1 cm • 2778 uu/s = 100 km/h • Car mass: 180 units • Ball mass: 30 units (6:1 ratio)

⚖️ Spawn-Scaled Values (1/50th Scale)

Gravity

-650 →

-13

Air Boost

1058 →

21.17

Max Speed

2300 →

No-Boost Max

1410 →

28.2

🎛️ Input-Dependent Damping (The Secret Sauce)

Pitch & Yaw

Damping DECREASES with input:

Zero input:

Full damping

Half input:

Half damping

Full input:

No damping

→ Stabilizes when idle, snappy when controlled

Roll

Damping is CONSTANT:

Zero input:

Full damping

Half input:

Full damping

Full input:

Full damping

→ Roll always has resistance (prevents spinning out)

🚗 Ground Physics Deep Dive

SPEED TIERS

1410

Max No-Boost

→

2200

Supersonic

→

2300

Speed Cap

→

2860

Sustained Boost

Velocity-Dependent Acceleration

Acceleration is HIGHEST at standstill, tapers to ZERO at 1410. Punchy takeoffs, no "on rails" at speed.

Turn Rate "Charges Up"

Cars don't instantly hit max turn. Tick-by-tick buildup over ~0.3s. Snappy but not instant.

Powerslide = Front Axle Pivot

Rear wheels lose grip. Car rotates around front axle. Angular momentum preserved through drift.

"Stay Upright" Constraint

Hidden force prevents excessive rolling. Fake realism that feels right. Part of Bullet Physics customization.

"Start simple. Remove complexity (no transmission, constant mass). Fake realism—visuals sell the physics. Responsiveness first."

— Design philosophy from Jared Cone, Psyonix (GDC 2018)

🎮 State Machine & Controls

VEHICLE STATES (with timing)

GROUNDED →

JUMPING

0.1s, 50% ctrl

→ AIRBORNE →

DODGING

0.05s

→

FLIPPING

0.65s, 70% grav

→

RECOVERING

0.3s gradual

Landing from any air state → GROUNDED (resets dodge/double jump)

AERIAL INPUT MAPPING

Standard Mode: Stick Y=Pitch, X=Yaw, Roll=30% of steer

Air Roll (hold X): Stick X=Roll, Y=Pitch, Yaw disabled

LB/RB: Constant roll left/right + full control

Jump + Throttle = Forward Boost: Holding accelerate during jump adds forward momentum. That's why jumping while driving feels punchy.

✈️ Aerial Physics Deep Dive

NET VERTICAL FORCE BY PITCH ANGLE (while boosting)

Level (0°)

-650

Falling

30° Up

-121

Slow Fall

45° Up

+98

Gentle Rise

90° Up

+408

Climbing

45° is the crossover point—below it you fall, above it you rise

"Chasing the Nose"

Boosting while rotating = curved trajectory. Car follows where it's pointing. This is how sweeping aerials work.

Stabilization Speeds

Roll: ~0.22s • Pitch: ~0.36s • Yaw: ~0.53s to 50%. Roll fastest = quick recovery.

Air Roll (Hold Button)

Stick X → roll, Stick Y → pitch. Yaw DISABLED. Simple but limited.

Air Roll Left/Right (Bumpers)

Constant roll + FULL pitch/yaw. More complex, more powerful. Enables tornado spins.

Standard Air Mode

Stick Y → pitch, Stick X → yaw, plus slight roll from steering (0.3x multiplier).

Control During Flip

30% pitch/yaw only, 0% roll. Reduced gravity (70%). You're committed to the flip direction.

BOOST RESOURCE

Consumption: 33.3/sec (~3s full tank)

Air Drag: quadratic (speed² × 0.001)

Damping threshold: input > 0.01

EXACT TORQUE COEFFICIENTS (for reference)

Roll: T=-36.08, D=-4.47

Pitch: T=-12.15, D=-2.80

Yaw: T=8.92, D=-1.89

🎯 Why Rocket League Feels Like "Controlled Flight"

Boost > Gravity (1.63:1)

You can ALWAYS fight gravity. Creates controlled flight, not floating.

High Angular Acceleration

38 rad/s² roll = fast reorientation = trajectory control.

Input-Dependent Damping

No input = angular velocity decays. Natural stabilization.

Vector Velocity Preservation

Momentum carries between boosts. Creates "gliding" sensation.

🔧 Completed Physics Fixes

Issue	Status	Notes
Rotation Clamps	✅ DONE	Full 360° in air — no limits
Angular Momentum	✅ DONE	Full angular velocity system with acceleration curves
Damping	✅ DONE	Input-dependent damping — stabilizes idle, snappy on input
Gravity	✅ DONE	Corrected to -13 (was -30)
Velocity Model	✅ DONE	Fully decoupled from rotation
Boost Direction	✅ DONE	Nose-based — works well for aerials
Physics Body	✅ RESOLVED	Character controller works — dynamic was wrong approach

📝 Key Technical Insights

Architecture Decision: Character Controller works well for this project. Dynamic physics body was explored but character controller gives us better control over the feel we want.

What We Built Instead: Custom angular velocity system on top of character controller — full rotation freedom, input-dependent damping, acceleration curves, all without native physics torque.

Ground Handling: Speed-dependent turn rates + velocity-dependent acceleration + drifting mechanics. Feels punchy at low speed, stable at high speed.

Boost Direction: Push is nose-based — boost goes where the car is pointing. This enables controlled aerial flight.

Landing Behavior: When wheels touch ground, pitch and roll snap to zero. Only yaw is preserved. This prevents tumbling.

Success Metrics: ✅ Can boost upward while pitched back • ✅ Full 360° flips • ✅ Car stabilizes with no input • ✅ Dodge feels snappy • ✅ Momentum persists after boost release

✅ Implementation Checklist

PHASE 1 - Foundation ✓ COMPLETE

✓ Switch to physics: "dynamic"

✓ Implement raycast ground detection (4 wheels)

✓ Add gravity (-13)

✓ Implement boost force (21.17)

✓ Velocity-dependent acceleration

✓ Speed-dependent turn rates

✓ Drifting mechanics

PHASE 2 - Aerial Control ✓ COMPLETE

✓ State machine (6 states)

✓ Angular velocity state tracking

✓ Angular acceleration curves

✓ Input-dependent damping

✓ Dodge/flip mechanics

✓ Flip cancel

✓ Air roll modes (Q/E)

✓ Full 360° rotation freedom

PHASE 3 - Polish

○ Boost pads (small + full)

○ Wall/ceiling driving

○ Supersonic trails

○ Landing stabilization

○ Audio feedback

PHASE 4 - Multiplayer

○ Ball physics tuning

○ Car-ball collision

○ Respawn system

○ Network sync

PHASE 5 - Air Control ✓ COMPLETE

✓ Air W/S control (thrust/brake)

✓ Nose pitch disabled (flat air control)

✓ Q/E air roll

✓ Full 360° rotation in air

✓ Input-dependent damping

📋 Progress Log

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